Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2689-2697
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-17
Study on Effect of Toluene-Acid
Treatments of Recycled Carbon Black from
Waste Tyres: Physico-Chemical
Analyses and Adsorption
Performance
(Kajian Kesan Rawatan Asid Toluena Karbon Hitam Kitar Semula daripada Bahan Buangan Tayar: Analisis Fiziko-Kimia dan Prestasi Penjerapan)
NUR
ALIA SAHIRA AZMI1, KAM SHENG LAU1, SIEW XIAN CHIN2,
SARANI ZAKARIA1, SHAHARIAR CHOWDHURY3,4& CHIN HUA CHIA1,*
1Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2ASASIpintar Program, Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai-90110, Songkhla, Thailand
4Research Center on Industrial Ecology in Energy, Faculty of
Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University HatYai-90110, Songkhla, Thailand
Diserahkan: 5 Mei 2023/Diterima: 31 Ogos 2023
Abstract
Recycled carbon black (rCB) produced by
pyrolysis has a low value because it contains high levels of impurities, such
as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. Various treatments have been proposed using
chemicals to purify and improve the properties of rCB.
In this study, rCB was treated with toluene (rCB-T), followed by subsequent treatment using acids HCl (rCB-T-HCl),
HNO3 (rCB-T-HNO3), and HCl-HNO3 (rCB-T-HCl-HNO3).
The treated rCB samples were characterized using CHNS analyser, scanning electron microscope, BET analyser, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption of methylene blue dye onto
the rCB samples was also investigated to study the
effectiveness of the treatments. Treatment with toluene alone was insufficient
to increase the carbon content and surface area of the rCB.
Subsequent treatment of rCB with acids, especially
HNO3, significantly increases the carbon content, surface area,
surface functional groups, and surface charge of the rCB.
This results in an increased adsorption capacity of the rCB,
from 6.04 mg/g to 46.51 mg/g for the rCB-HNO3 and 54.80 mg/g for the
rCB-T-HCl-HNO3.
Keywords: Adsorption; BET; carbon black; toluene; zeta potential
Abstrak
Karbon hitam (rCB) kitar semula yang dihasilkan oleh pirolisis mempunyai nilai
yang rendah kerana ia mengandungi tahap kekotoran yang tinggi, seperti sulfur,
nitrogen dan oksigen. Pelbagai rawatan telah dicadangkan menggunakan bahan
kimia untuk membersih dan menambahbaik sifat rCB. Dalam kajian ini, rCB telah
dirawat dengan toluena (rCB-T), diikuti dengan rawatan seterusnya menggunakan
asid HCl (rCB-T-HCl), HNO3 (rCB-T-HNO3) dan HCl-HNO3
(rCB-T-HCl-HNO3). Sampel rCB yang dirawat telah dicirikan
menggunakan penganalisis CHNS, pengimbasan mikroskop elektron, penganalisis
BET, potensi zeta, spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier dan
spektroskopi Raman. Penjerapan pewarna biru metilena pada sampel rCB juga dikaji untuk melihat keberkesanan rawatan.
Rawatan dengan toluena sahaja tidak mencukupi untuk meningkatkan kandungan
karbon dan luas permukaan rCB. Rawatan seterusnya rCB dengan asid, terutamanya
HNO3 meningkatkan kandungan karbon, luas permukaan, kumpulan fungsi
permukaan dan cas permukaan rCB dengan ketara. Ini menghasilkan peningkatan
kapasiti penjerapan rCB, daripada 6.04 mg/g kepada 46.51 mg/g untuk rCB-HNO3 dan 54.80 mg/g untuk rCB-T-HCl-HNO3.
Kata kunci: BET; karbon hitam;
keupayaan zeta; penjerapan; toluena
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chia@ukm.edu.my
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